/*	$OpenBSD: kern_fork.c,v 1.95 2008/05/11 23:54:40 tedu Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: kern_fork.c,v 1.29 1996/02/09 18:59:34 christos Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	@(#)kern_fork.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 4/8/94
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/filedesc.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <sys/resourcevar.h>
#include <sys/signalvar.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/acct.h>
#include <sys/ktrace.h>
#include <sys/sched.h>
#include <dev/rndvar.h>
#include <sys/pool.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>

#include <sys/syscallargs.h>

#include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>
#include <uvm/uvm_map.h>

int	nprocs = 1;		/* process 0 */
int	randompid;		/* when set to 1, pid's go random */
pid_t	lastpid;
struct	forkstat forkstat;

void fork_return(void *);
int pidtaken(pid_t);

void process_new(struct proc *, struct proc *);

void
fork_return(void *arg)
{
	struct proc *p = (struct proc *)arg;

	if (p->p_flag & P_TRACED)
		psignal(p, SIGTRAP);

	child_return(p);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
int
sys_fork(struct proc *p, void *v, register_t *retval)
{
	int flags;

	flags = FORK_FORK;
	if (p->p_ptmask & PTRACE_FORK)
		flags |= FORK_PTRACE;
	return (fork1(p, SIGCHLD, flags, NULL, 0,
	    fork_return, NULL, retval, NULL));
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
int
sys_vfork(struct proc *p, void *v, register_t *retval)
{
	return (fork1(p, SIGCHLD, FORK_VFORK|FORK_PPWAIT, NULL, 0, NULL,
	    NULL, retval, NULL));
}

int
sys_rfork(struct proc *p, void *v, register_t *retval)
{
	struct sys_rfork_args /* {
		syscallarg(int) flags;
	} */ *uap = v;

	int rforkflags;
	int flags;

	flags = FORK_RFORK;
	rforkflags = SCARG(uap, flags);

	if ((rforkflags & RFPROC) == 0)
		return (EINVAL);

	switch(rforkflags & (RFFDG|RFCFDG)) {
	case (RFFDG|RFCFDG):
		return EINVAL;
	case RFCFDG:
		flags |= FORK_CLEANFILES;
		break;
	case RFFDG:
		break;
	default:
		flags |= FORK_SHAREFILES;
		break;
	}

	if (rforkflags & RFNOWAIT)
		flags |= FORK_NOZOMBIE;

	if (rforkflags & RFMEM)
		flags |= FORK_SHAREVM;
#ifdef RTHREADS
	if (rforkflags & RFTHREAD)
		flags |= FORK_THREAD | FORK_SIGHAND;
#endif

	return (fork1(p, SIGCHLD, flags, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, retval, NULL));
}

/*
 * Allocate and initialize a new process.
 */
void
process_new(struct proc *newproc, struct proc *parent)
{
	struct process *pr;

	pr = pool_get(&process_pool, PR_WAITOK);
	pr->ps_mainproc = newproc;
	TAILQ_INIT(&pr->ps_threads);
	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pr->ps_threads, newproc, p_thr_link);
	newproc->p_p = pr;
}

/* print the 'table full' message once per 10 seconds */
struct timeval fork_tfmrate = { 10, 0 };

int
fork1(struct proc *p1, int exitsig, int flags, void *stack, size_t stacksize,
    void (*func)(void *), void *arg, register_t *retval,
    struct proc **rnewprocp)
{
	struct proc *p2;
	uid_t uid;
	struct vmspace *vm;
	int count;
	vaddr_t uaddr;
	int s;
	extern void endtsleep(void *);
	extern void realitexpire(void *);

	/*
	 * Although process entries are dynamically created, we still keep
	 * a global limit on the maximum number we will create. We reserve
	 * the last 5 processes to root. The variable nprocs is the current
	 * number of processes, maxproc is the limit.
	 */
	uid = p1->p_cred->p_ruid;
	if ((nprocs >= maxproc - 5 && uid != 0) || nprocs >= maxproc) {
		static struct timeval lasttfm;

		if (ratecheck(&lasttfm, &fork_tfmrate))
			tablefull("proc");
		return (EAGAIN);
	}
	nprocs++;

	/*
	 * Increment the count of procs running with this uid. Don't allow
	 * a nonprivileged user to exceed their current limit.
	 */
	count = chgproccnt(uid, 1);
	if (uid != 0 && count > p1->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur) {
		(void)chgproccnt(uid, -1);
		nprocs--;
		return (EAGAIN);
	}

	uaddr = uvm_km_alloc1(kernel_map, USPACE, USPACE_ALIGN, 1);
	if (uaddr == 0) {
		chgproccnt(uid, -1);
		nprocs--;
		return (ENOMEM);
	}

	/*
	 * From now on, we're committed to the fork and cannot fail.
	 */

	/* Allocate new proc. */
	p2 = pool_get(&proc_pool, PR_WAITOK);

	p2->p_stat = SIDL;			/* protect against others */
	p2->p_exitsig = exitsig;
	p2->p_flag = 0;

#ifdef RTHREADS
	if (flags & FORK_THREAD) {
		atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, P_THREAD);
		p2->p_p = p1->p_p;
		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&p2->p_p->ps_threads, p2, p_thr_link);
	} else {
		process_new(p2, p1);
	}
#else
	process_new(p2, p1);
#endif

	/*
	 * Make a proc table entry for the new process.
	 * Start by zeroing the section of proc that is zero-initialized,
	 * then copy the section that is copied directly from the parent.
	 */
	bzero(&p2->p_startzero,
	    (unsigned) ((caddr_t)&p2->p_endzero - (caddr_t)&p2->p_startzero));
	bcopy(&p1->p_startcopy, &p2->p_startcopy,
	    (unsigned) ((caddr_t)&p2->p_endcopy - (caddr_t)&p2->p_startcopy));

	/*
	 * Initialize the timeouts.
	 */
	timeout_set(&p2->p_sleep_to, endtsleep, p2);
	timeout_set(&p2->p_realit_to, realitexpire, p2);

	p2->p_cpu = p1->p_cpu;

	/*
	 * Duplicate sub-structures as needed.
	 * Increase reference counts on shared objects.
	 * The p_stats and p_sigacts substructs are set in vm_fork.
	 */
	p2->p_emul = p1->p_emul;
	if (p1->p_flag & P_PROFIL)
		startprofclock(p2);
	atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, p1->p_flag & (P_SUGID | P_SUGIDEXEC));
	if (flags & FORK_PTRACE)
		atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, p1->p_flag & P_TRACED);
#ifdef RTHREADS
	if (flags & FORK_THREAD) {
		/* nothing */
	} else
#endif
	{
		p2->p_p->ps_cred = pool_get(&pcred_pool, PR_WAITOK);
		bcopy(p1->p_p->ps_cred, p2->p_p->ps_cred, sizeof(*p2->p_p->ps_cred));
		p2->p_p->ps_cred->p_refcnt = 1;
		crhold(p1->p_ucred);
	}

	/* bump references to the text vnode (for procfs) */
	p2->p_textvp = p1->p_textvp;
	if (p2->p_textvp)
		VREF(p2->p_textvp);

	if (flags & FORK_CLEANFILES)
		p2->p_fd = fdinit(p1);
	else if (flags & FORK_SHAREFILES)
		p2->p_fd = fdshare(p1);
	else
		p2->p_fd = fdcopy(p1);

	/*
	 * If ps_limit is still copy-on-write, bump refcnt,
	 * otherwise get a copy that won't be modified.
	 * (If PL_SHAREMOD is clear, the structure is shared
	 * copy-on-write.)
	 */
#ifdef RTHREADS
	if (flags & FORK_THREAD) {
		/* nothing */
	} else
#endif
	{
		if (p1->p_p->ps_limit->p_lflags & PL_SHAREMOD)
			p2->p_p->ps_limit = limcopy(p1->p_p->ps_limit);
		else {
			p2->p_p->ps_limit = p1->p_p->ps_limit;
			p2->p_p->ps_limit->p_refcnt++;
		}
	}

	if (p1->p_session->s_ttyvp != NULL && p1->p_flag & P_CONTROLT)
		atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, P_CONTROLT);
	if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT)
		atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, P_PPWAIT);
	p2->p_pptr = p1;
	if (flags & FORK_NOZOMBIE)
		atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, P_NOZOMBIE);
	LIST_INIT(&p2->p_children);

#ifdef KTRACE
	/*
	 * Copy traceflag and tracefile if enabled.
	 * If not inherited, these were zeroed above.
	 */
	if (p1->p_traceflag & KTRFAC_INHERIT) {
		p2->p_traceflag = p1->p_traceflag;
		if ((p2->p_tracep = p1->p_tracep) != NULL)
			VREF(p2->p_tracep);
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * set priority of child to be that of parent
	 * XXX should move p_estcpu into the region of struct proc which gets
	 * copied.
	 */
	scheduler_fork_hook(p1, p2);

	/*
	 * Create signal actions for the child process.
	 */
	if (flags & FORK_SIGHAND)
		sigactsshare(p1, p2);
	else
		p2->p_sigacts = sigactsinit(p1);

	/*
	 * If emulation has process fork hook, call it now.
	 */
	if (p2->p_emul->e_proc_fork)
		(*p2->p_emul->e_proc_fork)(p2, p1);

	p2->p_addr = (struct user *)uaddr;

	/*
	 * Finish creating the child process.  It will return through a
	 * different path later.
	 */
	uvm_fork(p1, p2, ((flags & FORK_SHAREVM) ? TRUE : FALSE), stack,
	    stacksize, func ? func : child_return, arg ? arg : p2);

	timeout_set(&p2->p_stats->p_virt_to, virttimer_trampoline, p2);
	timeout_set(&p2->p_stats->p_prof_to, proftimer_trampoline, p2);

	vm = p2->p_vmspace;

	if (flags & FORK_FORK) {
		forkstat.cntfork++;
		forkstat.sizfork += vm->vm_dsize + vm->vm_ssize;
	} else if (flags & FORK_VFORK) {
		forkstat.cntvfork++;
		forkstat.sizvfork += vm->vm_dsize + vm->vm_ssize;
	} else if (flags & FORK_RFORK) {
		forkstat.cntrfork++;
		forkstat.sizrfork += vm->vm_dsize + vm->vm_ssize;
	} else {
		forkstat.cntkthread++;
		forkstat.sizkthread += vm->vm_dsize + vm->vm_ssize;
	}

	/* Find an unused pid satisfying 1 <= lastpid <= PID_MAX */
	do {
		lastpid = 1 + (randompid ? arc4random() : lastpid) % PID_MAX;
	} while (pidtaken(lastpid));
	p2->p_pid = lastpid;

	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p2, p_list);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(p2->p_pid), p2, p_hash);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&p1->p_children, p2, p_sibling);
	LIST_INSERT_AFTER(p1, p2, p_pglist);
	if (p2->p_flag & P_TRACED) {
		p2->p_oppid = p1->p_pid;
		if (p2->p_pptr != p1->p_pptr)
			proc_reparent(p2, p1->p_pptr);

		/*
		 * Set ptrace status.
		 */
		if (flags & FORK_FORK) {
			p2->p_ptstat = malloc(sizeof(*p2->p_ptstat),
			    M_SUBPROC, M_WAITOK);
			p1->p_ptstat->pe_report_event = PTRACE_FORK;
			p2->p_ptstat->pe_report_event = PTRACE_FORK;
			p1->p_ptstat->pe_other_pid = p2->p_pid;
			p2->p_ptstat->pe_other_pid = p1->p_pid;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Make child runnable, set start time, and add to run queue.
	 */
	SCHED_LOCK(s);
 	getmicrotime(&p2->p_stats->p_start);
	p2->p_acflag = AFORK;
	p2->p_stat = SRUN;
	setrunqueue(p2);
	SCHED_UNLOCK(s);

	/*
	 * Notify any interested parties about the new process.
	 */
	KNOTE(&p1->p_klist, NOTE_FORK | p2->p_pid);

	/*
	 * Update stats now that we know the fork was successfull.
	 */
	uvmexp.forks++;
	if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT)
		uvmexp.forks_ppwait++;
	if (flags & FORK_SHAREVM)
		uvmexp.forks_sharevm++;

	/*
	 * Pass a pointer to the new process to the caller.
	 */
	if (rnewprocp != NULL)
		*rnewprocp = p2;

	/*
	 * Preserve synchronization semantics of vfork.  If waiting for
	 * child to exec or exit, set P_PPWAIT on child, and sleep on our
	 * proc (in case of exit).
	 */
	if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT)
		while (p2->p_flag & P_PPWAIT)
			tsleep(p1, PWAIT, "ppwait", 0);

	/*
	 * If we're tracing the child, alert the parent too.
	 */
	if ((flags & FORK_PTRACE) && (p1->p_flag & P_TRACED))
		psignal(p1, SIGTRAP);

	/*
	 * Return child pid to parent process,
	 * marking us as parent via retval[1].
	 */
	if (retval != NULL) {
		retval[0] = p2->p_pid;
		retval[1] = 0;
	}
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Checks for current use of a pid, either as a pid or pgid.
 */
int
pidtaken(pid_t pid)
{
	struct proc *p;

	if (pfind(pid) != NULL)
		return (1);
	if (pgfind(pid) != NULL)
		return (1);
	LIST_FOREACH(p, &zombproc, p_list)
		if (p->p_pid == pid || p->p_pgid == pid)
			return (1);
	return (0);
}

#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
/*
 * XXX This is a slight hack to get newly-formed processes to
 * XXX acquire the kernel lock as soon as they run.
 */
void
proc_trampoline_mp(void)
{
	struct proc *p;

	p = curproc;

	SCHED_ASSERT_LOCKED();
	__mp_unlock(&sched_lock);
	spl0();
	SCHED_ASSERT_UNLOCKED();
	KASSERT(__mp_lock_held(&kernel_lock) == 0);

	KERNEL_PROC_LOCK(p);
}
#endif