.\"	$FabBSD$
.\"	$OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.72 2008/05/09 13:01:01 jmc Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\"	@(#)hier.7	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: May 9 2008 $
.Dt HIER 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm hier
.Nd layout of filesystems
.Sh DESCRIPTION
A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/"
.It /
Root directory.
.It /altroot/
Alternate (backup) location for the root
.Pq Sq /
filesystem
(see
.Xr daily 8 ) .
.It /bin/
User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments.
These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any
system libraries to run.
.It /bsd
Pure kernel executable
(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time).
.It /bsd.mp
Pure kernel executable
for multi-processor machines.
.It /bsd.rd
Installation kernel.
The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run
without an external file system, so this kernel is useful
for limited system maintenance too.
.It /dev/
Block and character device files.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact
.It MAKEDEV
Script for creating device files (see
.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) .
.It fd/
File descriptor files (see
.Xr fd 4 ) .
.El
.It /emul/
Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call
emulation is in effect (see
.Xr sysctl 8
and the system compat pages:
.Xr compat_aout 8 ,
.Xr compat_bsdos 8 ,
.Xr compat_freebsd 8 ,
.Xr compat_hpux 8 ,
.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 ,
.Xr compat_linux 8 ,
.Xr compat_osf1 8 ,
.Xr compat_sunos 8 ,
.Xr compat_svr4 8 ,
and
.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) .
.It /etc/
System configuration files and scripts.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact
.It localtime
Local time zone information (see
.Xr ctime 3 ) .
.It amd/
Contains map files for
.Xr amd 8 .
.It disklabels/
Backup disklabels (see
.Xr disklabel 8 ) .
.It firmware/
Firmware files for various devices.
.It hotplug/
Scripts for the hotplug daemon,
.Xr hotplugd 8 .
.It mtree/
.Xr mtree
configuration files (see
.Xr mtree 8 ) .
.It skel/
Example
.Sq .\&
(dot) files for new accounts.
.It skey/
One-time password user database for
.Xr skey 1 .
.It sliphome/
Configuration files for
.Xr sliplogin 8 .
.It ssh/
Configuration files for
.Xr ssh 1
and
.Xr sshd 8 .
.It ssl/
OpenSSL configuration files (see
.Xr openssl 1 ) .
.El
.It /home/
Default location for user home directories.
.It /mnt/
Empty directory commonly used by
system administrators as a temporary mount point.
.It /root/
Default home directory for the superuser.
.It /sbin/
System programs and administration utilities
fundamental to both single and multi-user environments.
These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any
system libraries to run.
.It /stand/
Programs used in a stand-alone environment.
.It /tmp/
Temporary files;
the contents
of
.Pa /tmp
are
.Em not
preserved across a system reboot.
.It /usr/
Contains the majority of user utilities and applications.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
.It bin/
Common utilities, programming tools, and applications.
.It include/
Standard C include files.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "protocols/" -compact
.It arpa/
C include files for Internet service protocols.
.It crypto/
C include files for the cryptographic libraries.
.It ddb/
C include files for the kernel debugger (see
.Xr ddb 4 ) .
.It dev/
Device-specific C include files.
.It g++/
Include files for the GNU C++ compiler.
.It isofs/
C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660).
.It machine/
Machine specific C include files.
.It miscfs/
C include files for miscellaneous file systems.
.It net/
Miscellaneous network C include files.
.It net80211/
C include files for 802.11 wireless networking.
.It netatalk/
C include files for the AppleTalk protocol.
.It netbt/
C include files for the Bluetooth protocol.
.It netinet/
C include files for Internet standard protocols (see
.Xr inet 4 ) .
.It netinet6/
C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see
.Xr inet6 4 ) .
.It nfs/
C include files for NFS (Network File System).
.It objc/
C include files for GNU Objective-C.
.It openssl/
C include files for the OpenSSL library (see
.Xr ssl 8 ) .
.It protocols/
C include files for Berkeley service protocols.
.It readline/
C include files for the
.Xr readline 3
library.
.It rpc/
C include files for remote procedure calling (see
.Xr rpc 5 ) .
.It rpcsvc/
C include files for rpcsvc.
.It scsi/
SCSI-specific C include files.
.It sys/
System C include files (kernel data structures).
.It ufs/
C include files for UFS (the U-word File System).
.It uvm/
C include files for the virtual memory interface.
.El
.Pp
.It lib/
System libraries.
See
.Xr intro 3
for a description of library types.
.It libdata/
Miscellaneous utility data files.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact
.It cvs/
Placeholder for user contributed
.Xr cvs 1
code/scripts.
.It ldscripts/
ELF linker scripts.
.It lint/
Prebuilt
.Xr lint 1
libraries.
.It perl5/
Data files for
.Xr perl 1 .
.It ssh/
Data file for
.Xr ssh 1 .
.El
.Pp
.It libexec/
System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs).
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact
.It auth/
Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication).
.It cvs/contrib/
User contributed
.Xr cvs 1
scripts.
.El
.Pp
.It lkm/
Loadable kernel modules.
.It local/
Local executables, libraries, etc.
.It mdec/
Boot-related executables.
.It obj/
Architecture specific target tree produced by building the
.Pa /usr/src
tree.
.It ports/
The FabBSD ports collection (see
.Xr ports 7 ) .
.It sbin/
System daemons and utilities (executed by users).
.It share/
Architecture independent data files.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact
.It doc/
Miscellaneous documentation;
source for most of the
.Bx 4.3
manuals.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width html/ -compact
.It html/
HTML documentation.
.It psd/
.Ux
Programmer's Supplementary Documents (PSD).
.It smm/
.Ux
System Manager's Manuals (SMM).
.It usd/
.Ux
User's Supplementary Documents (USD).
.El
.Pp
.It groff_font/
GNU troff shared fonts.
.It info/
Texinfo source files.
.It lkm/
Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see
.Xr lkm 4 ) .
.It locale/
Locales for multi-language support.
.It man/
Manual pages.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact
.It cat*/
Preformatted
.Xr man 1
pages.
Layout similar to man (below).
.It man1/
General commands (tools and utilities).
.It man2/
System calls and error numbers.
.It man3/
Libraries.
.It man3p/
.Xr perl 1
programmers' reference guide.
.It man4/
Special files and hardware support.
.It man5/
File formats.
.It man6/
Games.
.It man7/
Miscellaneous.
.It man8/
System maintenance and operation commands.
.It man9/
Kernel internals.
.El
.Pp
.It misc/
Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width terminfo.db -compact
.It termcap
Terminal characteristics database (see
.Xr termcap 5 ) .
.It termcap.db
Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see
.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) .
.It terminfo.db
Terminal information database.
.It pcvtfonts/
Additional i386 console fonts.
.El
.Pp
.It mk/
Templates for
.Xr make
(see
.Xr make 1 ) .
.It nls/
National Language Support (NLS) catalogs.
.It tabset/
Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
the termcap file (see
.Xr termcap 5 ) .
.It texinfo/
Templates for
.Xr texinfo 5 .
.It tmac/
Text processing macros (see
.Xr nroff 1
and
.Xr troff 1 ) .
.It vi/catalog/
Catalog files for the
.Xr vi 1
text editor.
.It zoneinfo/
Time zone configuration information (see
.Xr tzfile 5 ) .
.El
.Pp
.It src/
BSD and/or local source files.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact
.It bin/
Source for files in
.Pa /bin .
.It distrib/
Source for making distribution sets.
.It etc/
Source for files in
.Pa /etc .
.It gnu/
Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses.
.It include/
Source for files in
.Pa /usr/include .
.It lib/
Source for files in
.Pa /usr/lib .
.It libexec/
Source for files in
.Pa /usr/libexec .
.It sbin/
Source for files in
.Pa /sbin .
.It share/
Source for files in
.Pa /usr/share .
.It sys/
Kernel source files.
.It usr.bin/
Source for files in
.Pa /usr/bin .
.It usr.sbin/
Source for files in
.Pa /usr/sbin .
.El
.El
.It /var/
Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.It audit/
Audit logs.
.It backups/
Miscellaneous backup files.
.It crash/
Crash dumps written by
.Xr savecore 8 .
.It cron/
Spools and configuration files for
.Xr cron 8 .
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It tabs/
Individual
.Xr crontab 1
files.
.El
.Pp
.It db/
Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files.
.It empty/
Generic
.Xr chroot 2
directory.
.It log/
Miscellaneous system log files.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It wtmp
Login/logout log (see
.Xr wtmp 5 ) .
.El
.Pp
.It msgs/
Database for
.Xr msgs 1 .
.It run/
System information files describing various info about the
system since it was booted.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It utmp
Database of current users (see
.Xr utmp 5 ) .
.It sudo/
Timestamps for
.Xr sudo 8 .
.El
.Pp
.It spool/
Miscellaneous system spooling directories.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "lock/" -compact
.It ftp/
Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory.
.It lock/
Lock files for utilities such as
.Xr cu 1 ,
.Xr tip 1
and
.Xr uucp .
.It uucp/
.Xr uucp
spool directory.
.It uucppublic/
Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory.
.El
.Pp
.It tmp/
Temporary files that are kept between system reboots.
.El
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr apropos 1 ,
.Xr find 1 ,
.Xr locate 1 ,
.Xr whatis 1 ,
.Xr whereis 1 ,
.Xr which 1
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
manual page appeared in
.At v7 .